Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the common and major problems during neonatal period. Our propose was to determine the etiologic and predisposing factor in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We analyzed the patients record of 312 neonate including 184 male and 128 female with median age of 16.5 days (range 6-28 days) in children medical center hospital at 1998. The main cause of hyperbilirubinemia in our study was breast feeding (76.6 percent), followed by sepsis (11.5 percent) and hypothyroidism (10.6 percent). Also other uncommon etiology of hyperbilirubinemia that were seen in our patients were TORCH, G6PD deficiency and cephalhematoma. The age of 60 out of our patients (19.2 percent) was 6 days and others were 7 days (15.7 percent), 8 days (14.4 percent) and only 2 out of 312 patients were at age of 28 days. According to our study we suggest that role of breast-feeding should be considered in any neonate with hyperbilirubinemia.

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