P Jebelameli , M Ayatiafin , A Akhavantafti ,
Volume 55, Issue 6 (1 1997)
Abstract
Only orchiectomy is still commonly used today either as a single therapy or in combination regimens. Hypophysectomy & adrenalectomy showed such devastating effects on the endocrine equilibrium as to be inconsistent with an acceptable quality of life or even with survival. Chemical adrenalectomy was also tried with drugs (eg. aminoglutethmide, spironolactone) leading to consequences superimposable to those of surgical adrenalectomy. Along with orchiectomy, three groups of substances are commonly used today for the hormonal therapy of prostate cancer: estrogens, LHRH agonists & anti androgens. Bilateral orchiectomy removes 90-95% of circulating testosterone. Clinical studies document 60-80% of positive responders to castration, on continued evaluation, relapse occurs usually within 6-24 months in responders, with a death rate of 50% within 6 months. The androgenic activity still remaining after castration may explain the partial & progressively decreasing effectiveness of this & other testosterone reducing therapies. Antiandrogens define substances that act directly at the target site, where interacting with steroid hormone receptors, they impede the binding of androgens. A trend towards the combination of testosterone-reducing & androgen-blocking treatment is developing in modern therapy of prostate cancer. This is due to the complementary characteristics of the two different pharmacological mechanisms that are involved. In this study castration+antiandrogen is compared to castration alone. The results demonstrate a significantly greater percentage of positive objective & subjective responses with antiandrogen than with placebo. In addition survival time was increased in patients treated with castration+antiandrogen than castration+placebo.
Aligholi M, Emaneini M, Hashemi F. B , Shasavan Sh, Jebelameli F, Kazemi B,
Volume 64, Issue 9 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (SA (is an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The emergence of antibiotic resistance, especially in methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) strains, has caused difficulties in treatment of such infections. The determination of antibiotic resistance patterns, particularly domestic patterns of Iran, is essential for appropriate treatment of MRSA infections and proper infection control measures in our country.
Methods: The antibiotic resistance of 338 SA isolates from various clinical specimens was determined by disk agar diffusion (DAD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.
Results: Using the DAD method, 47% (160/338) of the SA isolates were resistant to oxacillin, and only 6% (20/338) were resistant to vancomycin. By PCR, 48% (162/338) of the isolates had the mecA gene. The MIC of oxacillin in 93% of isolates was higher than 256µg/mL. The MRSA isolates, showed a high resistant to gentamicin (40.5%), erythromycin (40%), and ciprofloxacin (38%). However, only a few of the SA isolates showed a high resistance to vancomycin (5%) or erythromycin (3.5%).
Conclusion: The results of this study can provide guidance for physicians toward a more appropriate treatment of SA infections in Iran, thereby preventing the emergence of further antibiotic resistance among SA. Our results also revealed the need for further investigations using a higher number of specimens representing a wider variety of locations to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns in our state more precisely.
