Khalkhali H, Haji Nejad E, Mohammad K,
Volume 59, Issue 1 (7 2001)
Abstract
Difference aspects of multinomial statistical modelings and its classifications has been studied so far. In these type of problems Y is the qualitative random variable with T possible states which are considered as classifications. The goal is prediction of Y based on a random Vector X ? IR^m. Many methods for analyzing these problems were considered. One of the modern and general method of classification is Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Another method is recursive partitioning techniques which has a strange relationship with nonparametric regression. Classical discriminant analysis is a standard method for analyzing these type of data. Flexible discriminant analysis method which is a combination of nonparametric regression and discriminant analysis and classification using spline that includes least square regression and additive cubic splines. Neural network is an advanced statistical method for analyzing these types of data. In this paper properties of multinomial logistics regression were investigated and this method was used for modeling effective factors in selecting contraceptive methods in Ghom province for married women age 15-49. The response variable has a tetranomial distibution. The levels of this variable are: nothing, pills, traditional and a collection of other contraceptive methods. A collection of significant independent variables were: place, age of women, education, history of pregnancy and family size. Menstruation age and age at marriage were not statistically significant.
Rahnavard Z, Heidarnia A, Babaei Gh, Mahmoodi M, Khalkhali H,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9 2001)
Abstract
Population growth has been one of the main anxieties of different countries planners so far. Background and purpose growth of population has always had various impacts on society in economical, social, health and even political fields and its cure is controlling population growth. In order to study the efficient factors upon unwanted children, 1527 married women in Tehran have been randomly selected and data from questionnaire was selected. In this study, effective factors such as couple's education level, couple's occupation, number of children, age of marriage, age of last pregnancy, having stillbirth, breast feeding period in last born and effect of sex of infant in family planning upon unwanted children have been studied. Results show that some factors like husband's age, number of children, age of first marriage, age of last pregnancy, husband occupation, having stillbirth, breast feeding period and effect of infant's sex in family planning increase the chance of unwanted children and some criteria like women age, woman's education, fist pregnancy age, woman occupation, decrease the chance of unwanted children. According to logistic regression model, women age is one of the most important effective factors and one year increment in woman's age increase the chance of unwanted child 0.89 more times. Other factors is the number of children that in return for increasing one child to family, the chance of un wanting become 116.8 more times. It seems families don't have enough knowledge about family planning measures and their usage. Breast feeding period in wives who have fed their last children for more than six months, is another important factor which increases the chance of unwanted child to 1.02 more times than woman who have fed their last children for less than six months.
Khalkhali H, Hajizadeh E, Kazemnezad A, Ghafari Moghadam A,
Volume 67, Issue 8 (6 2009)
Abstract
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Background: Although the short-term results of kidney transplantation have improved greatly
during the past decades, the long-term results have not improved according.
Graft loss due to chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD)
is a major concern in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).
There is little data about disease progression in this patient population. In
this paper, we investigated history of kidney function as the pattern, waiting
time and rate of pass from intermediate stages in RTR
with CAD.
Methods: In a single-center retrospective study, 214 RTRs
with CAD investigated at the Urmia University Hospital urmia,
Iran from 1997 to 2005.
Kidney function at each visit assessed with GFR.
We apply NKF and K/DOQI
classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
staging system to determine pattern of disease progression per stage in this
group of patients.
Results: The pure death-censored graft loss was 26%
with mean waiting time 81.7 months. 100%
of RTRs passed from stage I
to II in mean waiting time 26.3
months. The probability of prognostic factors transition from stage II
to III was 88.9%
with mean waiting time 25.5 months, transition from
III to IV
was 55.7% with mean waiting time of 24.9
months and transition for stage 4 to IV
was 53.5% with mean waiting time of 18.2
months. In overall rate of transition from stage i to j in patients with stage III
at the beginning of the study (time of start CAD's
process) was faster than others.
Conclusions: This
study revealed, that kidney function in first years after transplantation is
one of the most important II to III
of survival probability per stage and death-censored graft loss.
Therefore care of RTRs in first year could
potentially increase long-term kidney survival.
Samane Khalkhali , Nahid Tahan , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ,
Volume 76, Issue 8 (November 2018)
Abstract
Background: The transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle is one of the most important muscles that contribute to the stability of the lumbar spine. Strengthening of trunk muscles that have a significant role in trunk stability is very important in the field of professional sport, sport medicine and rehabilitation of patient with low back pain (LBP). Identifying the exercises that can improve the strength and endurance of these muscles in the efficient way is an important challenge in rehabilitation of LBP patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of upper and lower limb muscles on ultrasonic thickness of the TrA muscle.
Methods: This is a pre-test post-test study. Thirty healthy young male subjects with mean age of 23 years were recruited from the university staff and student population (non probability sample). Ultrasonic thickness of the right and left TrA muscle (as an indirect measure of muscle activity) was taken at rest and during maximum isometric contraction of six muscle groups: shoulder and hip flexor, extensor and abductor muscles. Mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures design were used to analyze data. To further analyses post hoc comparisons were performed with paired t-tests adjusted with the Bonferroni method. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The result showed that mean TrA thickness on right and left sides during maximum isometric contraction of the upper and lower limb muscles was significantly thicker than in resting position (P<0.001). The type of isometric contraction had a significant effect on the thickness of the TrA muscle on dominant side (P<0.05). As a result, the greatest change in the thickness of TrA muscle on dominant side was observed in hip isometric extension (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the thickness of TrA during upper limb isometric contraction of dominant and non-dominant side (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Isometric contraction of upper and lower limb muscles especially in hip extension can increase the ultrasonic thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle.
